Relationship Between Intelligence And Creativity - 1572 Words

What is the relationship between intelligence and creativity? In this essay I will explore the correlation between intelligence (IQ) and creativity (DT), and whether one is influenced or can be predicted by the existence of the other. The relationship between IQ (intelligence quotient) and creativity has been an anchor point for psychological research. Numerous amounts of psychologists have carried out research in order to find evidence to support this idea of a correlation or evidence to disprove the hypothesis that IQ and creativity could be related. IQ is defined as a measure of intelligence that shows the ratio of an individual’s mental age to their chronological age, this is then multiplied by 100 (Cattel 1972). Creativity cannot be measured by undertaking an IQ test, creativity is subjective and the simplest way of defining it is the ability to create original, useful and surprising new things. However, over the years pioneering research has inspired psychologists to devise tests to measure creativity. The most famous Divergent Thinking test is Guildfords Alternative Uses Task established in 1967. This test proposes that the individual involved should think of alternative uses for a common item such as a brick. This way of measuring Divergent Thinking is universally used in contemporary testing of creativity. In order to analyse and examine whether or not creativity and IQ have a relationship and whether its influential on each other, I looked at the foundingShow MoreRelatedPSY103 R7 Remembering Feeling Thinking Worksheet958 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet Part I: Motivation, Emotion, and Behavior Explain the relationships between motivation, emotion, and behavior. How does emotion affect motivation? Provide an example of a specific behavior, and the motivators and emotions that can be behind that behavior. 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Creativity is the ability to produce new and valuable ideas; while Intelligence is the mental potential to learn from experiences, solve problems, and useRead MoreThe Development Of Creativity : Literature Review And Critique1055 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of Creativity: Literature Review and Critique Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For PSYC4176: Advanced Child Psychology By Brittany Basco April, 17, 2017 â€Æ' Abstract The development of creativity has a history tied into many cultures, origins and studies. There are many traits that are related to creativity such as personality, intelligence, genetic factors, environmental factors and the â€Å"big five† in personality.â€Æ' The Development of Creativity: Literature ReviewRead MoreEmotional Intelligence Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesemotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is sometimes referred to as EI or EQ. 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The main statistical analysis used was a multilevelRead MoreSternberg s Triarchic Theory Of Human Intelligence867 Words   |  4 PagesTriarchic Theory of Human Intelligence History of the Intelligence Theory The history of Sternberg s Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence can be traced back to 1977, 1985, and 1995. Robert Sternberg s principal proponent of this intelligence theory. He developed the theory when he was teaching at the Yale University. His aim was to establish how education could enhance creative intelligence (experiential), analytical intelligence (componential), and the practical intelligence (contextual). The analyticalRead MoreRemembering, Feeling and Thinking Worksheet Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Remembering, Feeling, and Thinking Worksheet Part I: Motivation, Emotion, and Behavior Explain the relationships between motivation, emotion, and behavior. How does emotion affect motivation? 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Economic Issues Simulation Paper Free Essays

As a representative of Castor Insurance, the job is to maximize profit and minimize risk for the company. Healthcare is a high in demand good that the consumers of any job wants and needs to have. So it is very important to chose the right kind of healthcare for your employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Issues Simulation Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two companeys in question Constructit and E-editors need to choose a well balanced health insurance plan that will work for there group of people. I am Jamie Ruth, I am the Vice President, Strategy and Financial Planning at Castor Collins. My duties include pricing plans and setting insurance premiums for our potential clients. Castor Collins was approached by two companies looking for employer insurance and both companies have a set rate their employees are able to pay for premiums since both groups will have to pay for his or her own insurance. The first company is Constructit that consist of 1,000 people and E-Editors that consist of 1,600 people. It is up to my team to come up with a plan the meets Constructit $4,000 max on premium and E-editors max of $4,500 premium. Our task is to keep revenue maximized and risk to a minimum by choosing one of our three plans, which are Castor Standard, Castor Enhanced and our customized plan called Castor Enhanced Minor to suit Constructit the company I have chosen. Demographics of Constructit Constructit consist of 550 men between the ages of 26 to 45 and 450 women between the ages of 26 to 42. At Constructit 32% of the workforce’s duties involve excessive physical activities. This can cause some health risk with these employees. Whereas 25% of the workforce’s duties involve modest physical activities and the remaining 43% of the workforce’s duties involve inactive activities. With the modest activity there is always a chance an injury could happen. The inactive employees mainly desk employee are not immune from injury either. Married employees consist of 60% of the workforce. The employees at Constructit are not all in perfect health. Out of 1000 employees 170 men and 210 women 38% of the workforce has no major health problems. With almost 10% of the workforce 55 men and 36 that are smokers. The majority of the workforce misses work due to injuries, respiratory system diseases, digestive disorders, migraine, and allergic conditions. Health Concerns In our investigation of the health demographics in Constructit we discovered the following health concerns. Almost half of the employees are obese, 198 men and 192 women which adds up to 39% of the workforce which in itself is a major concern. Obesity can cause High Cholesterol the second highest medical condition within this group meaning 19%, 101 men and 95 women. As well as high blood pressure is another cause of health concern with 88 men and 105 women, 19% of the workforce. We also discovered many suffer from an allergy which affects 92 men and 85 women 17% overall. Many of the employees suffer from migraines 16%, 75 men and 93 women. Although only 13% of the employees 78 men and 57 women Respiratory Diseases is still a cause of concern. The Last medical condition we discover was digestive disorders at 8% 52 men and 32 women. Now our task was to develop a plan and stay within our $4000 premium limit. Plans Here at Castor Collins we have two plans that could possibly fit the needs of Constructit. One is Castor Standard which does not cover preexisting medical conditions and the other is Castor Enhanced which does cover preexisting medical conditions. Helen one of my team members suggests we offer Constructit Castor Enhanced and eliminates a few services that have high utilization. Adam says or we could choose not to insure either group if our risk outweighs the profits. In our evaluation the risk, anticipated cost, and cost-effectiveness are different for both plans. We did not choose Castor Standard because for one it did not cover preexisting condition. The premium is within payment range enrollees can pay and our profits would be higher. The cost associated with Castor Collins providing services to Constructit does not include any copayment the enrollee has to pay. For example for inpatient hospital services for Standard the enrollee pays $114 where in Enhance they pay $144. For emergency physician or hospital care Standard is $310 where Enhances is $388. For outpatient services like physician visits the in Standard the enrollee would pay $56 and in the Enhanced he or she would pay $70. If the enrollee was to need outpatient surgery for standard he or she would pay $305 where with enhanced the cost is $381. Here is the expected utilization of services when Castor Standard or Castor Enhanced is provided to Constructit. On average utilization of the services in the population of color scheme are for the age group of 26 through 45. Inpatient hospital services are 3% for standard and 4% for enhanced with the annual average is 6% for standard and 8% for enhanced with the surgical benefits the same. For emergences the expected utilization is 6% and the annual average is the same for standard whereas for enhanced the expected utilization is still 6% however the annual average is 8% for inpatient services. In standard most of the expected utilization is anywhere from 3% to 10% whereas the annual average is 6% for standard. Outpatient services the expected utilization is anywhere from 3% to 10% and the average annually is 6%. For enhanced the expected utilization norm is 4 to 9% and with enhanced the norm is 6% for standard and enhanced is anywhere from 4 to 12%. Plan Choice For Constructit we decided to go with Castor Enhanced so we could modify it so we were able to stay within the $4000 premium prices range. Even though the copay to the enrollee is higher the benefits are revenue for us is higher. We were able to keep the premium below $4,000; the premium is $3,943 making our profit a $3. 94 million and only eliminated obesity treatment. To keep cost and risk low we decided not to include Obesity treatment. To include this service the premium would have exceeded what the enrollees would be able to pay. All other services are intact. Castor Collins earning is high and is adequate to cover the risk insuring Constructit. Services such as substances abuse treatment the expected utilization is low. Even with Castor Enhanced Minor covering preexisting medical conditions, the risk are low and the earnings could be high. Copays for services such as preventative services, diagnostic services, and chiropractic care are at 8% rate. Conclusion Our task was to evaluate the company’s demographics and develop an adequate health care plan that suits Constructit. With Castor Enhanced the premiums are below $4,000 which them enrollee can pay and still have comparable health coverage that cover preexisting medical conditions. Utilization annual average is mostly 8%. Copays are higher but the benefits are higher as well. This was a difficult task but I believe we did what was expected of us in supplying health coverage for Constructit. How to cite Economic Issues Simulation Paper, Papers

Asthma Respiratory Issues

Question: Write about theAsthma for Respiratory Issues. Answer: The boy called Geronimo has been reported to be suffering from exacerbation of asthma. This mainly happens when the bronchioles of the respiratory tract becomes narrower due to contraction of the muscles in this region. The respiratory system is found to swell up as a reason of this, and makes the patient face respiratory issues. The case study has mentioned a number of factors that can be considered as some of the factors which half caused in the occurrence of asthma in the little boy. Firstly the boys mother complained that he had faced severe respiratory infection a few days back. Therefore respiratory tract infection can be related with the occurrence of the asthma. This type of infection often accompanies the attack of different microorganisms (Hockenberry, Wilson Rodgers, 2016). These micro-organisms are mainly bacteria as well as virus and have the capability to cause flu, common cold, influenza and others. Some of the germs affects the lungs resulting in narrowing of the respiratory tract and increases sensitivity in the patient. Moreover, Geronimos playing of soccer might have been another contributing factor that have resulted in the occurrences of symptoms like tightness and coughing. This may be because it has been found many researchers that often a patient who are vulnerable to asthma may develop its symptoms when they get exposed to exercise as well different types of workouts. Hence in the case of the patients, asthma that may be induced by exercises has been one of the contributing factors (Zone Guide, 2017). The occurrence of the thunderstorms might be another factor that resulted in asthmatic attacks die to the presence of dust mites during the storm which had affected him Four different types of asthma are mainly present which are known as the severe persistent asthma, mild persistent asthma, moderate persistent asthma as well as intermittent asthma. It is extremely important to relate the symptoms of the patient to the symptoms that are shown by asthma patients of different categories in order to understand his kind of asthma (Engelke, Swanson Guttu, 2014). Before the intervention was applied, the patients heart beat was 26 beats per beat but after the intervention, it became 21 beats per minute. Before interventions, the value of FEV was 1.64 L which mainly accounts for about 55% of the normal value that is predicted. After proper interventions it was found that the FEV value had increased to 2.2 L which accounts for about 74% of the predicted value. By following the pattern of changes critically, it would help the healthcare professional to understand what kind of asthma affects him. From the above analysis, it can be suggested that the patient is suffering from moderate persistent asthma. It has been already established by researchers that for an asthma patient having his FEV value to be such that it remains within the 60% to 80% of the predicted normal value can be categorised in moderate persistent asthma category. Here also the patient was seen to be showing a FEV value that accounted for about 74% which is between the 60 to 80% interval. Therefore one can easily reach a conclusion. Moreover, it was also seen that the boy had not taken his medication properly and in this type of asthma, the individual needs to take regular courses of medicines which may otherwise cause harm. So this also matched with the scenario. Again this type of asthma also restricts different activities of the patients which had been seen in case of the patient as well when he tried to play soccer (Kenyon et al., 2014). Healthcare professions usually advise patients to perform a spirometry test in order to understand their breathing patterns. This test usually helps the doctor in making an assessment that how much volume of air is entering in the lungs and also assess the flow of the air when the individual is inhaling or exhaling (Ciluffo et al., 2016). Basically, this test is conducted by doctors to make sure whether any lung disorders are present or not. In a spirometry test, usually two components are found to be important. The first one is the Forced vital capacity. The second one is the forced expiratory volume. The case has mentioned of the second component. Forced expiratory volume can be defined as the total volume of air that an individual can blow out after a full respiration in one second. In the case, one can notice that spiromtery was conducted for the patient. It was found that initially he has a FEV of about 1.67 L accounting for about 55% of the total volume. This FEV was again monitored after the intervention was provided. It showed that it has increased to 2.22 L which totals to about 74% of the normal predicted value. Thus with the help of the test one could assess the development of the patient from the crisis condition. The doctor mainly advises the patient to conduct an arterial blood gas test. This mainly helps in three important domains. The first is that it helps to understand whether the lungs are functioning properly. Secondly it helps to know whether acidity is present or not in the blood. It also helps to understand whether carbon dioxide is properly released from the blood or not (Cameron, Jenkies Becker, 2016). It also gives doctor the information that whether the patient needs extra oxygen so that they overcome difficulty in breathing and that whether correct amount of blood is entering in lungs. Different types of medication need to be provided to the patients depending upon the urgency of the patient and the symptom that the disorder is possessing. The medications that are provided to give quick relief to the patients in cases of urgency are called rescue medicines. They are mainly given either intravenously or as oral corticosteroids. Both short acting and long acting beta agonists are also provided. The former includes medicines like albuterol or ipratropium. They mainly provide short term relief along with asthma prevention. The later is also called LABAS. Besides inhaled corticosteroids, theophylline and leukotriene modifiers are also given because they not only control the symptoms of asthma but also prevent attacks of asthma. Bronchodilators are also provided to give relief from asthma as they are helpful in relaxing the muscle tightness that occurs in the tract during the attacks. The tracts open up and help the patient to breathe properly (Sweet et al., 2014). Besid es, there are also anti-inflammatory drugs and also steroids that help in reducing the mucous production that occurs in the tract and also reduces the swelling of the tracts (Kuethe et al., 2013). Asthma inhalers are also used by patients that direct the drug into the tract effectively for quick action. However many patients are not able to use them and hence asthma nebulisers are provided to them. Medications called allergy shots (immuniotherapy), omalizumab (Xolair) as well as others are used in cases when asthma attacks occur due to the presence of the allergens. They mainly work by reducing two sensitivity of the body towards these allergens. References: Cameron, J. R., Jenkins, M., Becker, E. (2016). Agreement between health care provider classification and clinical data for asthma severity and control in underserved children.Respiratory Care,61(10). Cilluffo, G., Fasola, S., Malizia, V., Ferrante, G., Montalbano, L., Montalbano, M., ... La Grutta, S. (2016). Measuring lung function in asthmatic children: A spirometry and forced oscillation technique (FOT) comparison. Engelke, M. K., Swanson, M., Guttu, M. (2014). Process and outcomes of school nurse case management for students with asthma.The Journal of School Nursing,30(3), 196-205. Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., Rodgers, C. C. (2016).Wong's essentials of pediatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kenyon, C. C., Melvin, P. R., Chiang, V. W., Elliott, M. N., Schuster, M. A., Berry, J. G. (2014). Rehospitalization for childhood asthma: timing, variation, and opportunities for intervention.The Journal of pediatrics,164(2), 300-305. Kuethe, M. C., Vaessen-Verberne, A. A., Elbers, R. G., Van Aalderen, W. M. (2013). Nurse versus physician-led care for the management of asthma.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2. Sweet, L. L., Polivka, B. J., Chaudry, R. V., Bouton, P. (2014). The Impact of an Urban Home?Based Intervention Program on Asthma Outcomes in Children.Public Health Nursing,31(3), 243-252. Zone, C. P. D., Guide, S. (2017). Asthma in children.Sign,3531(937).

Pesticides Essays (522 words) - Pesticides, Soil Contamination

Pesticides Putting Aside Pesticides There are 2.5 billion pounds of pesticides being applied to agricultural products each year in the United States. This is ten times more than was applied forty years ago. It is still unknown as to what type of exact effects these chemicals may have on individuals. Some farmers that have been using pesticides in their fields and developed leukemia are finding that the cause of their disease is from inhaling pesticides. These chemicals are still in use today and most of them have never been tested for the short or long-term effects that they may have on humans. Each year there are 10,000 pesticide related poisonings. On July 4th 1985, over 300 Californians became sick after eating watermelons treated with the pesticide tenik. Testing supermarket produce is a way of determining the amount of exposure the consumer receives through common produce like carrots, tomatoes and lettuce. 44% of foods that were tested in supermarkets were found to have some traces of pesticide residue on them. Of all the pesticides found, nineteen of them were a pesticide called DDT. DDT was banned in this country 12 years prior to the testing. It was believed that these chemicals might have entered this country from another country that doesn't have pesticide restrictions as the U.S. does. Pesticides are contaminating the Earth's water supplies. There are seventeen pesticides found in twenty-three state's water supplies right now. Scientists at Cornell University conclude that 99% of pesticides miss the intended source and find their way into the water, air and soil. Most of the pollution isn't strong enough to create an immediate impact on humans so the wildlife is the primary target to these contaminates. Animals such as the European Starling birds are constantly being tested and found that they are greatly affected both behaviorally and psychologically. Farming practices that do not use pesticides/herbicides are slowly becoming introduced bit biologically created pesticides are not nearly as productive as found in preliminary testing. Biotechnology has shown to have successfully resisted pests in plants that were destroyed by pesticides but still hasn't proven itself as a better alternative. William Liebhardt Ph.D. is an Agricultural Specialist at the University of California, Davis and he says, ?When you start spraying with pesticides, you disrupt the natural balance that exists in nature. As a result, you end up killing beneficial insects, then insects that were not a problem become problems and this happens repeatedly? requiring more and more spraying. Spraying crops with chemicals may not have an immediate effect on humans but the environment needs to be preserved for years to come in order for crop production to remain a vital link to the human diet. By not treating the crops, you face a possible situation of a major reduction in agricultural produce. The non-chemical approach may be the answer but it is obvious that there needs to be a lot more testing done on these products as well and they are not economically reasonable yet. But then paying more now is a small price to pay to have fewer problems later. Environmental Issues

Gathering Data-Interviews or Observations Essays

Gathering Data-Interviews or Observations Essays Gathering Data-Interviews or Observations Essay Gathering Data-Interviews or Observations Essay Gathering Data-Interviews or Observations Name: Institution: Gathering Data-Interviews or Observations : Introduction Interviews and direct observations are methods of collecting qualitative data, which is useful in conducting research. There are various ways of conducting an interview. According to ‘The ethnographic interview’, the author, Spradley says that an interview could start by taking a physical or verbal tour and asking about important places along the way. Another way is by simply preparing a questionnaire with questions relating to the data, which the researcher intends to collect. Observation could be done by watching of certain behaviors from a distance while taking notes of all the changes that are occurring with that particular child or environment. Responses to the Questions Asked Relationships That Researchers Should Have With Children Researchers should establish a friendly relationship with the participants to make the data collection process easy. They must ensure that the participant is in a safe environment, and should be friendly to them to reduce fear in them because children tend to feel frightened in an unfamiliar environment or with unfamiliar people. General Knowledge Required Before Research There are numerous facts that researchers should have about children prior to conducting a research on them. Family background, likes, dislikes disabilities either physically or mentally, and ages of the children are some of the details that should be noted. Age, for example, is a very important fact to note because it enables the researcher to know how to address a specific participant and the language to be used. Additional Skills Required Observers and interviewers should be extremely efficient in order to conduct a good research. Additional skills like organization and neatness when collecting data, increases the efficiency of a researcher. This allows easy retrieval of information when needed. A research process is a method of collecting and analyzing raw data to deduce useful information in solving a problem. Researchers should also be keen to detail, especially when using the observation method because observed details are more accurate than recorded results, in terms of time. Useful Knowledge and Dispositions Researchers should have some form of knowledge when it comes to observing and listening to children. It is crucial for researchers to possess attitudinal knowledge, which is the knowledge gained because of previous experience by researchers. A disposition is ‘a pattern of behavior exhibited frequently’ (Katz 1993 pg16). They should also have desirable dispositions to improve children’s understanding of various concepts. Relevance of Interviews and Direct Observation to Other Topics Employing the use of interviews and direct observation is useful when handling certain topics in early childhood. Most children, in early childhood, are unable to distinguish clearly good from bad. As a researcher, observing their behavior is essential, correct them if wrong and educate them on the importance of doing good. It is also crucial to engage them in interviews, which create a forum for them to discuss topics, which require adult mentorship. Evaluation of Using Interviews and Direct Observation Using interviews and direct observation methods are both useful in doing early childhood research. As much as both have their advantages and disadvantages, observing is a more suitable approach to the topic in question. This is because observation takes an account of events as they happen, therefore, the data collected is more accurate. Interviews rely mostly on spoken word, and it is difficult to trust that a participant is being entirely honest. This, in turn, deems observation more efficient. References MacNaughton, G., R., S. Siraj-Blutchford, I. (2010). Doing early childhood research: International perspectives on theory and practice (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Spradley, J. P. (2011). The ethnographic interview. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth. (86)

Benefits of mentoring

Benefits of mentoring Mentoring provides critical guidance to a young person on his or her path to success. Mentoring is to support and encourage people to make their own learning in order that they boost their potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be. Mentoring is a powerful development and consent. A mentor is a guide who can help the mentee to find the right direction and who can help them to develop solutions to career issues. Mentors are advisors, teachers, sources of funding and guides about classes, careers, jobs, graduate schools and life choices. Above all, mentors are motivators and role models, who believe in their mentees, see their potential, and help them get where they want to go. Mentoring really is something that can benefit everyone. As well as helping the mentee develop and advance through their career, the mentor can gain extra skills and understanding from the relationship. There is satisfaction in being able build up skills in helping someone else grow. The supportive, healthy relationships formed between mentors and mentees are both actual and long-term and contribute to an anchor of benefits for mentees and mentors. For a mentor, they have an opportunity to invest themselves in someone who looks for what they can offer. Mentoring for a mentor can also help build leadership skill because it helps develop the ability to motivate and encourage others. Another benefit for the mentor is improving communication skills because the mentee may come from different environment or background and the mentor and mentee may not speak the mentor the same language, which leads to finding a way to communicate more effectively as the mentor handles a way through the mentoring relationship. Additionally, the mentor learns new perspectives by working with someone less experienced, they gain a fresh perspective on things and learn a new way of thinking, which can help in work life as well as personal life. Along with that, mentoring can help with advancing your career because showing that the mentor has helped others learn and grow is becoming more and more necessary to advancement in today’s business world. F inally, the mentor gains personal satisfaction, seeing your mentee succeed as a result of your input is a reward itself. There are many benefits for youth. Mentoring youth can help as they go through challenging life transitions, along with dealing with stressful changes at home or transitioning with adulthood. Having the guidance, encouragement, and support of a trusted and experienced mentor can provide a mentee with a full extent of personal and efficient benefits. Close, healthy, supportive relationships between mentors and mentees that last for a serious portion of time are key to success. There is a wide range of mentors. Parents and guardian are obvious choices, as they are generally in the lives of youth and some are the most influential people in their lives. But there are teachers, coaches, ministers, and neighbors that are great options outside of parents and guardians. They are referred to as informal mentors because they are naturally-occurring and not matched, they all have the capacity to be good roles models, inspire youth and shaped their future. Mentors for youth are also available through formal and structed mentoring programs. Qualities takes a big role in mentoring. The most important role of a mentor is to support and encourage young people as they struggle to overcome obstacles and solve problems. Particularly when young people feel glum, upset with families, or unhappy with life situations, mentors are there beside them granting them to talk about anything and reminding them of elemental value. Secondly, a mentor is an active listener. Many times teenagers mention how little they feel listened to by most adults but mentors are different. Mentors always listen first and then speak. Along with listening there is pushing just enough, most teens don’t respond well to being pushed out of their comfort zone. They appreciate when mentors push them beyond what they might think they are capable of. Teens can tell whether an adult is legitimate interested in them and those who are just playing the role. Mentors value young people’s ideas and honor their changing feelings and moods.

Disinvestment and reinvestment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disinvestment and reinvestment - Essay Example Disinvestment refers to the use of a concerted economic boycott, with specific emphasis on liquidating stock, to pressure a government towards policy or regime change. Ronald Reagan, the former American President during his regime the disinvestment movement was at its peak, also opposed it, instead favoring a policy of "constructive engagement" These principles called for corporations doing business in South Africa to adhere to strict standards of non-discrimination in hiring and promotions to set a positive example. The most frequently-encountered method of "disinvesting" was to persuade state, county and municipal governments to sell their stock in companies which had a presence in South Africa, such shares having been previously placed in the portfolio of the state's, county's or city's pension fund. Several states and localities did pass legislation ordering the sale of such securities, most notably the city of San Francisco. The Sudan Divestment Task Force collaborates with Amne sty International, International Crisis Group, a variety of international NGO's, and most of the major socially responsible investing firms in the US. Calvert, the largest socially responsible mutual fund company in the US, has explicitly endorsed the targeted divestment approach as one that exerts maximum influence on the Sudanese government while minimizing unintended consequences, such as the important development role basic commerce in Sudan plays in improving general living standards for all. In simple words Disinvestment takes place when proprietors or people stop investing in the community, building or neighborhoods and thus to end up with slum areas. Disinvestment hampers economic growth of a nation as a barrier of Urbanization. Demographically, the Urbanization denotes redistribution of populations from rural to urban settlements in a process associated with development of civilization. Since disinvestment phase of an economy yields zero to the social and even cultural enhancement of the people, I would feel empathy for the people and the locality during such dark time. From a philanthropic point of view, it curbs the birthright of the populace to live a better life for certain political or demographic reasons. If opportunity prevails, I would love to motivate the populace to work hard in order to attract investors for the welfare and development of the region. 2. Reinvestment as the etymology suggests stands for the economic period when investors foresee dividend in certain area of production and desire to sustain growth with their inputs. When a community or proprietor see value in the land and begin to rehabilitate an area that has lost value over the years and worth fixing such as water front properties paves the way to reinvestment. Remarkably, it is a product or urbanization. There are two major types of reinvestments; Capital Reinvestment and Manpower cohesion. Investors usually accumulate such funds from dividends, interest and capital gains earned in an investmentor mutual fundto purchase additional shares or units, rather than receiving the distributions in cash. Therefore, in terms of stocks, it is the reinvestment of dividends topurchase additional shares. On the other hand, in terms of mutual funds, it is the reinvestment of distributions and dividends to purchase additional units of that fund. Similarly, in terms of tax gain or loss harvesting, it is the realization of losses to offset a capital gains over liability. This is definitely a

Philosopy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Philosopy - Assignment Example For this reason, the Chinese Government is immoral for killing unwanted orphans. 5. This is an informal fallacy. This is because of the verbal abuse against Bachmann and it doesn’t have logic because the writer doesn’t make any sense in the statement. First, the writer writes about Bachmann’s favor in drilling the oil, then verbally abuses her. The statement Bachmann wouldn’t recognize an oil well if she bumped into one doesn’t relate to the first one. This is because everyone wants to belong to particular group and wants to feel united with a crowd, and this evokes a sense of belonging and unity. Once everyone has read this novel, then there is approval and acceptable from the crowd. This is because Senator Barrow is the first arguer; he has presented an argument on the increased social security benefits. The second arguer attacks the senator’s argument by equating it with an argument for socialism. He attacks socialism and concludes that socialism is unrealistic. Since Senator Barrow had nothing to do with socialism, this means the second arguer commits the straw man fallacy. This is because the writer’s argument ignores the Norris argument and instead, attacks his family and personal attributes that are irrelevant to whether he was responsible for the collapse of the central bank tower. Instead, the argument attacks him in a fallacious way. This is because there are two correct conclusions that are implied by the first argument. That Pearson supports the argument that evolution should be discounted and that he is a cocaine-snorting pervert and at the same time, a member of the communist party. This statement misses the point entirely. This is because the appeal uses force. If David Cole is not appointed as the new sales manager there is bound to be severe personnel cutbacks in the department. The threat imposed on the department

First Tuesday Book Club Essay Example for Free

First Tuesday Book Club Essay The Book Thief by Markus Zusak ranks number two on a list of â€Å"Ten Aussie Books to Read Before You Die† voted for by viewers of the ABC’s First Tuesday Book Club. Discuss the Significant Features of the novel that have contributed to its success, analysing and evaluating their contribution. The novel, â€Å"The Book Thief† by Markus Zusak was first published in 2005. The story is set in Germany, 1939, the time of World War Two. Many significant characters are revealed though out the novel such as Death, Hans Hubermann, and Liesel Meminger. These characters are memorable as well as lovable, but also bring out the idea’s and style of the Novel. Death is one of the major characters in The Book Thief as not only does he give the book a certain style but also the book is set from his perspective. â€Å"It’s the story of one of those perpetual survivors.† (Markus 2005, p.6) Death is shown as impatient and spills in the beginning the main events in the book such as the bombing raid the takes place, the death of the American fighter pilot as well as the fate of important characters. Death even notices it and apologises. By him being exposed as impatient, Zusak has been able to use the literary style of foreshadowing. Markus Zusak mentions in one of his interviews, â€Å"I deliberately made Death let the plot out of the bag. It lends to the idea of his knowingness, and that he is not human. He does not function exactly how a human would in his story-telling There was also the idea that knowing what would happen in advance might soften the blow, and its also a challenge to myself.† (Little Willow 2006) Death uses colours to not only describe certain moments, but also the colour of the sky when people are dying. There are three moments in the book where Death comes across Liesel and he uses three colours to describe these moments, when her brother died it was white, â€Å"It felt as though the whole globe was dressed in snow.† (Markus 2005, p.7) When the American fighter pilot died it was black, â€Å"It was the darkest moment before the dawn.†(Markus 2005, p.10) There was the last time when he encountered Liesel, when the sky was red, â€Å"The sky was like soup boiling and stirring. In some places it was burnt.†(Markus 2005, p.13) the use of colours creates a style which sets the mood. Whether the mood should be silent, soft and still, or it should make you angry. Death isn’t given a gender in the the novel and although he has feelings, it gives the idea as well as shows he is not human. There are other ways that Death shows he is not human. He clearly states â€Å"I am haunted by humans† which separates him from humanity. â€Å"To prove to me that you, and your human existence, are worth it.† (Markus 2005, p.16) Death acknowledges the idea of whether humans are worth it. Throughout the Book Thief it is noticed that there are many characters that truely are worthy such as Hans and clearly Liesel. Death illustrates that through all the ugliness that is happening at that time, even though the story is set at the time of the Holocaust as well as World War Two, that there is beauty that shines. It makes a difference. â€Å" He had the ability to appear in the background He was always just there. Not noticeable There was most definitely a value in him† (Markus 2005, p.34) Hans wasn’t a main character within The Book Thief, but was an important character. He creates the love and joy within The Book Thief. â€Å"I nearly wrote you a reply and signed your mother’s name I couldn’t. I couldn’t bring myself.† Hans is a caring, and gentle. This stands out as the book thief has many sad moments by him being caring and gentle it gives you another view of what life was like in World War two as Hans is an average German man, but he disagrees with what is currently happening in Germany. â€Å"When he looks at me and smiles and breathes, I hear notes.† Hans’s accordion was not only a symbol of his kindness, but also is a part of him. Markus Zusak has carefully placed this in the book by writing about Rosa clinging to it at night when Hans works for the military and Liesel mentioning that she sometimes imagines Hans as an accordion when he plays. Liesel is the main character who still finds happiness out of an awful situation. â€Å"The words. Why did they have to exist? Without them, there wouldn’t be any of this. Without words, the Fuhrer was nothing. There would be no limping prisoners, no need for consolation or worldly tricks to make us feel better.† (Markus 2005, p.521) Although at age 9 Liesel is illiterate she soon learns the power that words have to heal and save such as Liesel reading books to Frau Holtzapel to heal the pain she felt. â€Å"It’s the story of one of those perpetual survivors- an expert at being left behind.†(Markus 2005, p.6) Liesel is seen as a â€Å"perpetual survivor† because despite many people dying and all the suffering she manages to still have pure happiness. The style and ideas are shown through the characters and the book is unusual in so many ways as it tackles ideas most don’t want to think about such as the ugliness and beauty of humans and whether some deserve to live. It also shows the power humans have through words and what we believe in. It looks at a different perspective of death so instead of humans being afraid of death, Death is afraid of humans. It’s a sad, depressing story where many good characters die, but it shows lightness. Good people who stand out even if not important. The novel is beautifully written as it flows like a poem with such power. These are the significant features that have contributed to its success. Zusak, M 2005, The Book Thief, PanMacillan, Sydney. Little Willow 2006, ‘Interview: Markus Zusak’, Blog post, interview, 4 June, accessed 22 May 2013, .

Mental Health Panopticon Essay -- prison systems

Prisons act as a total institution where inmates are put on a strict schedule and fall under one of the most gruesome forms of social control. Because of this, many inmates rebel resulting in prisons having to increase security and impose stricter punishments. As a result of this, less effort has been put into helping mentally ill inmates. The term panopticon, coined by Bentham illustrates the concept that the prison design would allow guards to see into cells but not allowing prisoners to see out. Thus, this would allow guards to have omniscient power over the inmates. Fortunately, this never worked as a prison, however prison has created a type of mental health panopticon. This allows for mentally ill parents to feel like they are always being observed; similarly to that of an experiment. Despite prisons best attempt to equally serve all inmates to the best of their ability, prioritizing security and punishment has lead to a mental health panopticon. As a result, prisons environm ents have exacerbated negative behaviours, created an inhumane environment for prisoners and lack the means to aid in mental health. First, the prison system exacerbates negative behaviour such as drug use, self-harming behaviour and suicidal thoughts and actions. One of the most significant ways that the prison community worsens drug use, self-harming behaviour and suicidal thought is providing minimal amount of harm reduction. Accordingly, Lines makes note that higher instance of HIV/HVD and other transmitted disease are a cause on mental health issues within prison, this harm reduction measures would improve the overall health of individuals in prison (Lines at Al. 2005). Thus, the prion systems all intersects: much like society, the happier the i... ...t work. Instilling fear into people works to conform behavior to a degree but it ultimately creates prisons with exacerbated negative behaviours inhume and unfit environments. Works Cited Brown, Michelle. (2012). Empathy and Punishment. Punishment & Society 14(4): 383-401. Lamb, H. Richard., Weinberger, Linda E., & Gross, Bruce H. (2004). Mentally ill persons in the criminal justice system: Some Perspectives. Psychiatric Quarterly 75(2): 107-126. Lines, Rick., Jurgens, Ralf., Betteridge, Glenn., & Stover, Heino. (2005). Taking action to reduce injecting drug-related harms in prisons: The evidence of effectiveness of Out of control [Television series episode]. (2010). In The fift estate. CBC. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/episodes/2009-2010/out-of-control Sapers, H. (2008). A Preventable Death. Available at: http://www.oci-bec.gc.ca/rpt/index-eng.aspx

Journals of Major Robert Rogers

Robert Rogers was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, (or Methuen Massachusetts), in 1727. His parents, James and Mary McFatridge Rogers were Scotch-Irish, also had three other sons James, Richard, and John. 1 They lived in a small town in Massachusetts, which was a frontier town with log houses along the Merrimack valley. Robert was fourteen or fifteen years of age when his father founded a settlement in the wilderness on 2,190 acres of land, which he named Munterloney. From his youth, he was inured to the hardships of the frontier, acquiring character traits of decisiveness, self-reliance and boldness, which distinguished him later in life. Rogers, acquired his scanty stock of â€Å"book –learning,† as he termed from a log school house that was sixteen feet long and twelve feet wide. 3 Most of his knowledge came from his father’s farm, where he learned to hunt, trap, and fish which he earned a small living from. While he was on hunting excursions he mingled with the Indians and learned some of their language, hunting methods and their habits. 4 He was six feet in statute, well proportioned, and one of the most athletic men of his time, well known in all the trials of strength and activity among the young men of his vicinity, and for several miles around. About six years after they moved, Robert’s father James was walking through the woods on his way to visit a friend, when he was shot by the far away neighbor, thinking that he was a bear. He died later that night from his wound. Robert told some locals at a town tavern, that his mother was also killed by some hunters that thought her tracks were a bear. Everyone in the tavern thought he was telling a huge lie and tallest tale so they bought him a drink for the greatest lie. Robert was not lying; he di d lose both of his parents. Robert joined the military service when he was twenty-eight. In 1746, when King George’s War broke out, Robert joined the New Hampshire militia as a private in Captain Ladd’s Scouting Company and then again later (1747) in Eastman’s Company, to guard the New Hampshire frontier. 7 there were ample details given of his adventures; most of them were given by himself in his journals. He wrote a book ‘A Concise Account of North America†, which was a success and attracted royal attention. 8 In 1754 Robert became involved with a gang of ounterfeiters; he was indicted, but never brought to trial because the war broke out. 9 In 1755, France and Britain had declared war on each other, and conflict was spreading to the colonies of Europe. They were fighting over the right of discovery and occupation, each one wanting more of America. Since Rogers was an experienced frontiersman, the colonial government dropped the counterfeit charges against him, meanwhile he was appointed as an official recruiter for Colonel John Winslow. 10 In 1756, Rogers started recruiting soldiers for his militia. Rogers had an unusual talent for training his men in the most dire circumstances. He trained them in live fire, they learned to handle the extreme cold, how to live off of very little food. 11 By the end of 1756, Rogers had raised four regimens of rangers. He himself commanded one of them, and they were known as Rogers Rangers. He wrote a guide for the Rangers to follow that had twenty eight rules for ranging. This guide later became famous, and was called Robert Rogers’ 28 â€Å"Rules of Ranging†. 12 Robert’s brothers all served in a regimen of the Rangers. His brother Richard died in 1757 of small- pox at Fort Henry, his body was dug up and found mutilated and scalped by hostile natives. 13 His brother James stayed on with the King’s Rangers and assumed Robert’s post after the American Revolutionary War ended. Not much is known about brother John after the war was over. Rogers was personally responsible for paying his soldiers, He went deeply in debt, and had to take out loans when their payroll was raided while in transport. Rogers was never reimbursed for his expenses by the government or the British Army. 4 Over the next three years the Rangers served under a series of unsuccessful British commanders. The Rangers slowly grew to twelve companies as well as several additional contingents of natives who had pledged their allegiance to the British cause. The Rangers were kept separate from the British regulars. 15 In 1758 Rogers went to Lake George with about one hundred and eighty men, and had a battle with the French and Indians, he lost one hundred and fourteen of his men. After that battle, General Abercrombie presented him with a commission of Major of the Rangers. 6 In 1759 Major General Amherst sent Rogers with 200 men to attack St. Francis, they had been terrorizing the New England frontiers for centuries. They had been killing their cattle, burning their buildings, and killing the men and children and kidnapping the women. Rogers was to destroy the village but not harm any women and children. After it was over 200 Indians had been killed and they set the village on fire, because when morning came Rogers had seen over 600 scalps strung upon poles and doorways, which were mostly English. 7 In 1760, Rogers and 600 Rangers and seventy Indians, in whale boats left for Montreal. He met up with Pontiac, the next morning they talked and smoked the peace-pipe. Pontiac gave him and his men provisions for his journey, and a few Indian braves for escort. 18 In 1764, he married Elizabeth Brown, daughter of Reverend Arthur Brown. 19 Between 1762 and 1765, he bought and sold land, some of it was very expensive. Some of them he purchased and some of them he received in consideration of military services. 0 Major Rogers wasn’t a good husband, after seventeen years Elizabeth divorced him on the grounds of desertion and infidelity. 21 In 1764, after many failed business ventures, trying to recoup money that he had spent trying to equip the Rangers, he could not pay his debtors. He suffered financial ruin. His creditors had him put in a New York prison for his debts, but he escaped. 22 In 1765, his journals and A Concise Account of North America were published; this work was a description of several British Colonies on that Continent, their population, their religion, boundaries, and their situations. It also included several accounts of Nations and Tribes of Indians residing in those parts; it took into account their customs, manners, government, and the population. 23 Immediately after that publication, Rogers wrote a stage play that memorialized Pontiac and his rebellion. 24 He gained some success for his publications, and simultaneously attracted royal attention. His name and fame became familiar through the country and among both armies. 25 Rogers went to King George III to propose an expedition to find the Northwest Passage. In 1766, Rogers was bestowed an appointment as Commandant at Michilimickinac. After the conquest of Canada, this had become the most important military and trading post in the interior. 26 Rogers and his wife Elizabeth moved to Fort Michilimickinac where he began his duties as royal governor. This appointment was an office of great responsibility, a rare opportunity for Rogers, who took advantage of it. While the Governor, he was not supposed to incur expenses without authority; Rogers did so, was arrested and taken to Montreal, but he managed to get himself acquitted of the charges. 7 In 1769 Rogers returned to England where he reported to the King. Rogers remained there until 1775, while there, he served as a soldier for awhile for Algerine, which was a job he performed very well, even though Rogers was approaching age fifty. 28 One day while Rogers was a passenger in a mail coach, a highway robber stopped the coach, and stuck a gun through the window and demanded that everyone give him their valuables; Rogers drew the thief through the window by his collar, and told the coachman to drive on. The robber had a reward offered for him of L50 sterling, which Rogers collected. 28 While Rogers was away, his friend Amherst was replaced as commander of the British forces in America by Sir Thomas Gage. Gage hated Rogers because of his friendship with Amherst, and the fact that he was a colonial. Gage set out to destroy Rogers, he wanted him removed as royal governor, however had to be careful because Rogers was appointed by the King. 29 In 1776 Rogers fought his last war in America. He seemed to have slowed down; he did not display his usual leadership, which he had always showed in the previous years. 30 In 1777 he returned to England where he was not heard much about, I know he started frequenting the local taverns, I am sure telling his tales of adventures. He will always be known for the manual that he had written for surviving while ranging. To this day his writings â€Å"Rogers 28 rules of Ranging† 31are given to every Ranger that joins the service as a Ranger. Robert Rogers died in 1799. He will be sadly missed and his stories will go on forever.

Procurement process in small or Micro Enterprises. Essay

1. Introduction This assignment entails the information of procurement processes and the comparison of three different organizations that we have chosen – the Minimart, Online shop and Pet item industries. Although they are all micro organisations and retailers in the supply chain, they encompass individual requirements and selection criteria of their procurement processes. In this assignment, we will identify what are the similarities and differences in their Procurement-to-Pay process, their ‘What if† risk factors and the mitigation approach in overcoming the risks. 2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ORGANISATIONS The three micro organisations selected are namely the Mini-mart, Online Apparel Shop and the Pet Shop. Firstly, the mini-mart act as a â€Å"convenient store† located around housing estates. It takes advantage of the proximity and locality and targets the morning rush hour crowd such as the students and working adults. The mini-mart offers products like canned food, drinks,  tidbits, newspapers, ready-to-go foods like packed rice, finger food and desserts. As the mini-mart deals with highly perishable goods, the procurement procedure will be special to the industry, as they have limited shelf lives. Next, a recent trend in the fashion industry is the online shop. The online shop sells apparels and accessories that the owner source from around the world leeching on bulk discounts. The online shop targets female consumers that enjoy the convenience of online shopping. Lastly, the pet shop sells pets and their related items such as cages, food and treats, grooming kits and toys. The main consumers will be the people who are looking for pets and existing pet owners who will need to purchase the pet’s necessities frequently. 3. POSITION OF ORGANISATIONS AND TWO MAJOR PRODUCTS IDENTIFIED All three organisations act as retailers where consumers purchase products from them directly. They directly import the products themselves from overseas or purchase from local wholesalers who import them in bulk. The focus for these three micro organisations chosen in their procurement process will be on the strategies that they make due to the limited space operating in Singapore. In addition, the mini-mart and pet shop have limited shelf life for some of the products that they carry. The two major products we identified for minimart are the newspapers and the ready-packed food. As mentioned, the consumers are mainly working adults and students that patronize during rush hour. Items like local newspapers and ready-packed food are in high demand. The shelf life of these products are short, thus once unsold will deem the newspaper obsolete and food stale. Next, the two major products for the online shop are clothing and accessories. The online shop needs to bring in new apparels constantly. They need to catch up with the growing demands and changing taste of the customers. A factor that contributes to these is the seasonal fashion that changes every time. Thus, seasonal demand should be included into forecasting for inventories as this would keep the company competitive. Finally, pet item consumers would mainly look forward to daily requirement such as pet canned foods and grooming products. They are two major products that petshop need to constantly keep them in sufficient amount of inventory required when they affect the sale rates. As mentioned earlier, they are imported overseas. 4. PROCURE TO PAY PROCESS COMPARISON Appendix A The three organisations that we have chose have all followed this Procure to Pay process, however they have their differences in determining these processes. For forecasting, the online shop and the pet shop has less frequent level of forecasting their requirements due to its irregularity sales of goods which depends on seasonal demand. However, the mini-mart actually requires daily forecasting and is more volatile in their forecast. The shopkeeper take into considerations like public and school holidays before he actually consider how much to procure for the day worth of food and newspapers to sell. For example, during weekends in the morning, crowds tend to be lesser and thus, lower in demand. For the clarification/requisition and supplier selection process, the online shop had done their clarifications virtually through online e-mails and phone calls as most of their suppliers are all overseas. The mini-mart and the pet shop actually do face-to-face meet up with suppliers to look at the real products, whether they can match their requirements before confirming the order and delivery. The approval and contract process is quite similar for both the mini-mart and the pet shop as it is done locally. After identifying a supplier, they will send purchase order according to demand. The online shop process is slightly different as the suppliers are mainly from overseas. Once the proprietor has identified their supplier, she will travel to the country to visit the supplier to determine the product’s quality, and to establish a rapport with the supplier before giving the approval. After discussing with these three organisations, we have discovered that price is one of the key factors on how these three organisations measures the performance of their suppliers. They will not want to see a sudden increase of their cost of products. However, there is a difference in their selection criteria. The mini-mart factors in the timeliness of goods, the petshop factors in the brand of products that consumers prefer, and the online shop focuses in the design, quality and bulk purchase discounts. 5. SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION The similarity in requirement for selecting suppliers is the timely delivery. All three organisations, especially the mini-mart requires punctual delivery of newspapers and ready-packed food daily. They rely on the supplier’s punctuality to stock up right inventories to make items available at the right time and place for consumers. With the Fedex Strategic sourcing process (Annex B), we are able to show their differences in identification and selection of suppliers. Minimart Online shop Pet Shop Profile the Sourcing Group – Requires volatile changes of good supplies depending on the daily requirement. Thus, while setting the profile, the owner will prioritise familiarity and reliability with the supplier. – Requires volume discount. – Timely delivery affects forecast for seasonal demands and thus, will affect their sales. – Requires volumes discounts for pets related item. – Requires credibility and reputation of the supplier. Select Sourcing Strategy – Has no bargaining power over the products from the current suppliers. – Have little alternatives over suppliers as suppliers are niche and limited. – Has bargaining power when ordering goods in bulk. – An alternative way when current supplier is unable to meet the needs, online shop owners in Singapore can go for overseas hunts to look for direct suppliers instead of normal wholesalers in Singapore. For example, Bangkok is one of neighbouring countries who is the direct supplier for apparels sold locally. – Has bargaining power due to bulk purchase ability and due to the large supplier base, it is easy to find alternative sources that can provide similar/better services. Generate Supplier Portfolio – Has only one source for getting the newspapers due to the limited publisher in Singapore. – However, for the food supplies, the owner will look into  the value added services such as packaging of the food items. This helps to save the time of re-packaging and selling to the customers. – Every piece of apparel is packed neatly in packaging and owners do not have to re-package themselves again. They are also delivered to owner’s doorstep from overseas. This adds value to the supplier’s service. – Selects and identify suppliers with no value added capabilities. However, main selection criteria are bulk discount and price. Select implementation path – Very little adjustment to be done on the sourcing due to the basic business model. – Many online shops sells similar items so they look for suppliers who can provide self-manufacture services and also bulk discounts. For example, suppliers follow designs as given from online shop’s purchase order. – Increase bulk discount criteria to shrink the list qualified supplier. Major product like canned foods can be stored longer, thus, storage will not pose as a problem. Negotiate and select suppliers – Due to the only existing publisher in Singapore, negotiating power is very limited. However, for the food supplies, reduction of price and efficiency is viable with increase in order quantity. – Base on shortlisted suppliers, they will look into the one who can compromise the most and satisfy their requirements. – With the sourcing strategy established, they will try to bargain for more bulk discount with the suppliers. Operationalize supplier integration – Link their suppliers as a part of their operating process as timeliness is an issue for sales of goods for the mini-mart. – Long-term collaboration ensures quality and efficiency when there is mutual trust. – Will establish relationship with the supplier and also promise loyalty if the supplier maintains their quality service and discounts. However, they do not link the suppliers to their key processes. Benchmark the supply market – Mini-marts tend to prioritise in bulk discounts and timely delivery in selection of suppliers. – By comparing selected suppliers, they will narrow  down the suppliers who can provide the most efficient services and bulk discounts. – Does market comparison with other pet shops and also suppliers. They look out for cheaper suppliers and latest pet products. 6. STRESS TESTING AND RISKS MITIGATION APPROACHES 6.1 Four categories of risks identified in each organization A) Minimart Supplier-Related Customer-Related Risk Mitigation Approach Disruptions – Supplier who delivers ready-to-go food abruptly stops their supply. – Excess inventory due to forecast error, seasonal demand, wastage in food. – Lose potential consumers who prefer food produce by original supplier. – Sudden increase or decrease in demand. – Acquire alternate source of supplier. – Proper forecast to keep the right inventory level required. Delays – Traffic jam delays the delivery of morning orders. – Supplier delivers to wrong address. – Miss and disappoints the morning crowds. – Delay in displaying all the ready-food to sell. – Increase responsiveness of Supplier. – Look for wholesaler who can supply last minute. Procurement – Supplier is forced to increase the price of raw materials. – Increase in Transport costs. – Force to increase price due the spike of cost of goods or transport cost. – Having a redundant pool of suppliers to benchmark. Systems – Supplier’s order tracking system breaks down. -Suppliers food processing machine breakdown – Telephone line break down and customers cannot order via phone. – Increase flexibility in other means of contact. For example, e-mails, mobile phones, telecommunicating for urgent orders. – Alternate source of supplier. For the Minimart, we have identified two key mitigation strategies to acquire alternate/redundant source of suppliers and increase responsiveness. Acquiring redundant suppliers helps to reduce disruptions, procurement and inventory risk. However, as we discuss further, the mini-mart might face the risk that alternate supplier capacity might not be sufficient to meet their needs. This will in turn, pose as a risk to their inventory. To reduce the risk of delay, we have proposed to increase the responsiveness of the supplier due to short life cycle of food products. It also helps to reduce both forecast and inventory risk. B) Online shops Supplier-Related Customer- Related Risk Mitigation Approach Disruptions – Natural disasters like haze, tsunami happen and cause shipment delay. – Sudden shortage production of cotton fabric and raw material for making apparels. – Excess inventory due to wrong stock count. – Demand increases. – Increase in prices when demand is high and low in productivity. – Have alternate redundant source of suppliers to rely on. – Increasing inventory level. – Better forecast inventory due to seasonal demands. Delays – Stock delays that resulted from shortage of important raw material e.g. fabric etc. – Distribution takes longer when delay from shipping companies. – Customer order fulfillment gets delayed – Stocking up more predictable and lower cost product. – Look for direct alternate suppliers overseas, shortens waiting time for shipping and save cost. Procurement – Increase in production costs from supplier due to shortage in raw materials or labors. – Shipping costs increases that was incurred from transportation companies. – Need to increase selling price while unable to reduce waiting time required, or even higher waiting forecast. – Customer orders gets mixed up and resulted in poor customer service. – Acquire redundant suppliers for benchmark. – Increasing responsiveness approach to meet customer demand. Systems – System breakdown at overseas supplier side. – Online shopping website breakdown locally and technical repair takes some time – Website gets infected and not able to receive customers order. – Increase inventory level to mitigate supplier system risk. – Increase in flexibility of point of contact. For Online shop, the main focus was to get supplies ready when needed. Having alternate suppliers is necessary when there is delay or failure in the potential supplier. Accurate forecast is important when consumer demand is different every season. Leftover items from excess inventory could have difficulty in meeting buyers and cause wastage. C) Pet Shop Supplier-Related Customer- Related Risk Mitigation Approach Disruptions – Local supplier has stopped supplying a hot selling product. – Health production examined a major pet canned food product contains chemical that is not suitable for consumption. – Consumers forced to go for other alternative supplies. – Retailers forced to absorb losses for existing inventories. – Increase in inventory. – Have redundant suppliers. Delays – Supplier delay delivery of promotional item by a day. – Supplier deliver wrong type of items and causes re-delivery delays. – Inadequate supplies to meet expected demand. – Severe shortage on particular items affected. – Increase in inventory level. Procurement – Supplier refuses the bulk discount of a certain product due to drop in purchasing volume. – Supplier increase in price when production cannot catch up with demand. – Forced to increase price due to lesser sales of a product. – Consumer still enjoys usual selling rates due to competitiveness at retailer side. – Having redundant supplier so that they can benchmark their suppliers to get the best competitive price. Systems – E-order system broke down. – Overseas supplier lose track of all orders due to system breakdown – Online web page is down and customers are not able to get information and order online. – Increase flexibility in having other source of communication like telephone or backup copy of customer’s orders. As for the pet shop, we concluded that to gain competitiveness in pricing, they require the suppliers to issue bulk discount. Thus, they will have a few redundant suppliers to allow them to manipulate the prices between the suppliers, giving them a lower price. In doing so, it also mitigates on problems like disruption and delays as if any of the suppliers will fail on such a secondary will take the job mitigating these issues. We must understand that when they engage any supplier, they will stock in more than enough stock setting buffer and leeching on the bulk discount. 6.2 Risks Mitigation For the above different categories of risk, there are a few similar mitigation strategies for each risk for the three organizations studied. For the risk of disruption, the key strategy for the organizations is to acquire alternative/redundant suppliers. This strategy will help to mitigate the risk of sudden stoppage of supplies. Also, it helps to reduce the procurement and delay risk. However, we have also concluded that as these organisations are retailers, which are subjected to the supplier capacity to  provide the inventory needed. As such, if disruption from supplier were to happen, the organisations might face inventory risk. Coming to risk of delay, the pet shop and online shop are able to eliminate this risk by increasing inventory level as canned food and clothes can be stored. This will also help to lower disruptions and procurement risks to the organisation. However, for the mini-mart, the approach is different due to the short life cycle of food products and the timely delivery requirement due to daily demand. As such, it requires an increase in the responsiveness of the suppliers to ensure quality of products. For risk of procurement, we are able to conclude that all three organisations require having redundant suppliers. Mostly, for these organisations faces risk in an increase of the cost of goods and transportation cost. As such, they require different suppliers so that they are able to benchmark their suppliers against others to get an overall competitive edge in cost saving. Lastly, for the risk of system, the organisations are facing mostly on issues like purchasing system breakdown or the organization system failure. Thus, they need to increase their flexibility in having other source of communication like telephone, mobile phones or backup copy of their own orders. 7. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the above analysis on the three organisations helps us better understand the procurement process and the importance of considering such processes when it comes to reducing costs, risks and selection of suppliers. It is also concluded that all the three organisations rely in a way or another procurement strategies to ensure normal business function in serving targeted consumer demands, making them available in the right time, right place and location. In addition, the suppliers and the three organisation’s relationship in the existing market play an important role in terms that affects the delivery to end consumers. Also, we have concluded that for micro organisations, the three most important mitigation strategies is in having redundant suppliers, and keeping and forecasting the right inventory level and having flexibility in their organisations. This will help in the organisations smooth operating process. 8. Reference 1. Chopra, S., Shodhi, M.S. (2004). Managing Risks to avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown MIT Sloan Management Review, 46, 1. 2. Monczka, R., Trent, R., and Handfield, R. (2005). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Thomson-South-Western, Third/Fourth Edition 3. Interview: Junction 168 Minimart – Mr. Tan, C.T. (2013) – Understanding the Organisation and its Procurement processes. 4. Interview: Kwong Fatt Pet Centre – Mr. Wong, K.F. (2013) – Understanding the Organisation and its Procurement processes.

Compare Shakespeares sonnets 18 and CXXX Essays

Compare Shakespeares sonnets 18 and CXXX Essays Compare Shakespeares sonnets 18 and CXXX Paper Compare Shakespeares sonnets 18 and CXXX Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Sonnet 18 is, of course, the famous Shall I compare thee to a summers day poem. This sonnet builds upon a theme of imperishable love (and beauty), especially when it is preserved in a poem written by William Shakespeare. Much has been written about how, in Sonnet 18, Shakespeare takes an unusual point-of-view in his major comparison that is, of the beauty to the summers day. A common image, apparently, that other poets made the loved one appear similar to the summers day, their minds making the quick assumption that summer days were pretty fine things. Shakespeare, in his unique vision, finds the flaws of the summers day, and bounces them off the beauty he writes about. The loved ones beauty is more lovely and more temperate, meaning the summers day cannot compete for loveliness or moderation. Summer days, after all, suffer the polarities of excessive heat (too hot the eye of heaven shines) and cloudiness (and often is his gold complexion dimmed). Those elements that affect the summers day, changing it to not always ideal conditions, will not have any affect upon the beloved. (But thy eternal summer shall not fade) Shakespeare ends the sonnet with a gentle boast of his own powers as a poet: So long lives this, the this being the poem, which will outlast everything, and provide immortality to youth, beauty, and love. So you want to keep in mind the unique perspective of the poet, and how nature is played against human beauty to appear less fair. In Sonnet 130 Shakespeare seems to mock the normal style of a love poem. In general a love poem would be filled with compliments and flattering comparisons but here Shakespeare chooses to use what seem to be insults. However this sonnet does not seem intended to insult his mistress at all, but rather to be completely honest with her and at the same time achieve either the same or greater effects as a traditional love poem. And this does not seem to be the only purpose, a second objective of his might have been to show how ridiculous the typical cliches used in affectionate writing are when they are taken literally. Twelve of the fourteen lines of this poem it could be said to simply be insults. However I see no reason why Shakespeare would intentionally insult his mistress. It is much more logical that he is either simply being more rational with his reasons for loving her or you could go so far as to say that he his intention is to not insult her at all by not patronizing her with exaggerated claims about her beauty. It would be foolish to believe that the breath of his mistress did smell like any type of perfume or that her voice was anything like music. So if Shakespeare had claimed that her breath was like perfume or her voice like music he would have been basically lying, something that could have angered his mistress more than what seem to be insults. Because the last two lines of this poem show that he feels his love is something brought by heaven it conclusively proves that these are not insults. The lines of this poem can also be seen as a mockery of the standard conventions of love poems. While in a normal love poem he would have said that his mistress eyes were just like the sun, but when taken literally that is a ridiculous statement. Just as ridiculous would be to compare her hair to wires or her breasts to snow. Shakespeare uses every line of this poem aside from the last two to contradict these false comparisons, but it is in the last two lines that he is able to show that even without these ridiculous statements he can still show his affection for his mistress. In the same poem Shakespeare is able to prove two points. One is that a love poem does not need to be a lie for it to convey the same feelings of compassion and the second is that a normal love poem is made up of ridiculous comparisons that when looked at realistically make no sense. Which brings up a theme: irony. Both poems give us an unexpected conclusion, one that proves ironical in both cases. In both cases, of course, the poet maintains his love, which is the strongest element, not nature. And this is the strangeness of the poems. We generally think of the power of nature to overrule all. There is a theme of unchanging love. But you might consider instead a theme closer to all important love. Neither of these poems actually says that love will remain permanent. Sonnet 18 tells us that beauty will, and Sonnet 130 shows us that his love is strong even if the woman has flaws. But both poems demonstrate the sheer dominating power of love, a power even over Nature. And this is powerful indeed.

Increasing Of Indonesia Population And Its Impact On The Business Essay - 1

Increasing Of Indonesia Population And Its Impact On The Business - Essay Example Family-planning programs have contributed to a decline into approximately 1.04% as per now. Given the current trend, United Nations (UN) projects Indonesian population to surpass 270 million by 2025, go past 285 million people by the year 2035 and increase beyond 290 million by the year 2045 (Indonesia Population 2013). After which, the country shall experience a decline from 2050. Perhaps, two-thirds of Indonesia’s populace shall reside in town areas according to United Nations estimations. From a business perspective, this trend provides an opportunity for commercial success and snack shall maximize the provisions of the population. The demographic distribution of Indonesia makes it an excellent market for promotion of the snack bar. The nations' entire population comprises of mainly the youths providing an economic advantage. The median age of the population is 28.1 years. Young population offers a potentially significant target market and very accessible. Females dominate the society, and when categorized into sexes, the male median age is 27.7 years while female age is around 28.7 years (Worldometers 1). Indonesia consists of 13,667 islands, but citizens inhabit only 6,000. Out of this, five islands namely Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Irian Jaya, and Sulawesi are mainly populated. The total land mass of Indonesia is around 1,919,317 square kilometers (Indonesia Population 2013). Over the past forty years, Indonesia registered a remarkable rate of urbanization. Thus, half of Indonesia’s whole population lives in towns. In regards to this, current the distribution of population establishes a positive development, as industrialization and urbanization are essential for growth and trades. The snack bar trade will likely experience stiff direct competition from other snacks on offer in Indonesia particularly, Gorengan and Bakso. Gorengan refers to a friend bite.

Performance Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Performance Appraisal - Essay Example Therefore, the value of performance appraisals should not be underestimated by any organization. Performance appraisal is a system that evaluates job performances over a given period. It is simply an annual report on the performance of employees. Performance appraisal processes differ depending on organization, but they all serve the same purpose, which is to evaluate employees. Well-structured appraisals have numerous benefits to the organization. The main benefit of performance appraisal is to offer motivation to employees. Motivation adds energy to employees, making them remain focused to organizational goals and objectives. Achieving employee motivation through appraisals occurs through several ways (Arthur, 2008). Appraisals serve as strong indicators of the need to improve on job performance. Without the knowledge on how one is performing on the job, an employee lacks the motivation to make improvements. Recognizing employee performance improves their psychological wellbeing. The important issue about performance appraisals is that they make employees feel valued by the organization. The message passed over to employees by their managers motivates the employees regardless of being a positive or negative message. Through performance appraisals, employees realize the need for personal development, growth and learning. Employees focused on taking their careers to higher levels use appraisals to advance their careers (Arthur, 2008). In cases where appraisals reveal that employees are sleeping on their jobs, a wake up signal is passed over to employees, and they realize the need to refocus and reenergize. Appraisals further increase job satisfaction in situations where employees get positive recommendations from their managers. Organizations have strategic plans, which need to be met within a stipulated period. Effective appraisals are fundamental tools, which enable an organization to meet its strategic goals. With such